In 2014, Susanne Knittel received a VENI grant from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) to carry out research (2014-2017) on Faces of Evil. The fierce debates surrounding the publication of Jonathan Littell’s novel Les Bienveillantes in 2006 exposed a central tension in public and academic conceptions of witnessing and the Holocaust. A fictional memoir of…

Uğur Ümit Üngör received a VIDI grant from the Dutch Research Council (NWO) to carry out research (2014-2019) on Paramilitarism, Organized Crime, and the State. This research project examines the involvement of paramilitaries in mass political violence. Paramilitarism refers to clandestine, irregular armed organizations that carry out illegal acts of violence against clearly defined civilian individuals…